The resistance should be selected Precision pentachromatic ring metal film resistance , the error should be controlled below 1% , the design power margin should be as large as possible, in order to improve the stability of the whole circuit.

Frequency response refers to the range between the minimum effective playback frequency and the highest effective playback frequency of the audio signal that the loudspeaker (horn) can replay (in Hz) and the inhomogeneity in the frequency range (in db).

The sound pressure frequency characteristics of loudspeakers are different to the radiation in different directions, which is called the directivity of loudspeakers.

There are many kinds of distortion of loudspeakers, such as harmonic distortion (caused by uneven magnetic field of loudspeaker and distortion of vibration system, often produced at low frequency),

Frequency characteristic is an index to measure the band width of loudspeaker playback. The high fidelity playback system requires that the loudspeaker system should be able to replay the audible range of the 20Hz-2000Hz.

The rated power is a kind of average power, but in fact, the loudspeaker works in a variable power state, which varies with the strength of the input audio signal.

The rated power of the loudspeaker refers to the output power that the loudspeaker can work for a long time, also known as the undistorted power, which is generally marked on the nameplate at the back of the loudspeaker.

The importance of wire to sound, I believe that audio equipment users will have a strong understanding. Metaphorically, the wire is like a road, the signal is a car, the road condition is good, the car just walk smoothly. Therefore, the importance of wire rod is self-evident.

White noise refers to irregular continuous "rustling" sound, which is usually caused by the poor performance of input stage transistors, field effect transistors or operational amplifier integrated circuits in front and back stage amplifier circuits.

In the design of power amplifier, engineers take some technical measures for power amplifier, such as selecting multi-tube parallel connection, low internal resistance (milliohm) high power tube, increasing working voltage, selecting high quality wire rod, etc.,

Low-frequency screaming refers to the low frequency sound, usually caused by poor power filter or decoupling(often accompanied by AC sound at the same time). Check whether the power filter capacitance, voltage regulator and decoupling capacitance are open or failed

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if the distortion of the transistor amplifier is obviously increased with the increase of the volume, it is necessary to check whether the operating point of a certain transistor of the push stage is offset

Burst sound refers to intermittent "crack" and "click" sound. In the front circuit, the signal input plug and socket, conversion switch, potentiometer and so on should be checked for poor contact, coupling capacitance false welding, leakage and so on.

Alternating current is mainly caused by poor filtering of power supply part. checking power rectifier, filter and voltage stabilizer. The decoupling capacitance virtual welding or failure of the power supply end of the front and rear amplifier circuit will also produce noise

The sound caused by the changeover switch and potentiometer in the front circuit is relatively light and easy to be found by visual inspection and can be cleaned or replaced.

The AV amplifier with Dolby surround , if the main channel sound is normal under the condition that each channel of Dolby surround sound is silent and straight through, and usually the Dolby surround sound decoding circuit or system control circuit does not work properly

Distortion: the ideal amplifier should be to amplify the input signal and restore it faithfully without change. However, due to various reasons, compared with the input signal, the signal amplified by power amplifier often produces different degrees of distortion

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amplifier should1. boot protection (soft start), 2. over-current protection, 3. short circuit overload protection, 4. DC output protection, 5. current limiting protection, 6. overheating protection